Orders for a variety of basic operations on the Linux operating system, and an explanation, it can be seen as follows:
Command | Information |
| any_command --help | Displays details about the use of auxiliary commands. "-Help" is equal to the DOS command "/ h". |
| ls | View the contents of the file from the active directory. At the linux command alias dir only in the form of the ls command. For the ls command itself is often made alias ls - color, so that at the time in ls display the colors correspond to the files, usually green to execute, and so on. |
| ls -al | View the entire contents of the file in the current directory and its files hidden, and in a screen. |
| cd directory | Change directory. Using cd without a directory name will deliver you to the home directory. And cd - will deliver you to the previous directory. |
| cp source destination | Copying a file |
| mcopy source destination | Copying a file from / to dos filesystem. Examples <tt> mcopy a: autoexec.bat ~ / junk. Use the command man mtools for similar: mdir, mcd, mren, mmove, mdel, MMD, MRD, mformat .... |
| mv source destination | Move or rename a file |
| ln -s source destination | Create symbolic links, examples <tt> ln-sf / usr/X11R6/bin/XF86_SVGA / etc/X11/X, create symbolic links from file XF86_SVGA to X |
| rm files | Deleting a file |
| mkdir directory | Create a new directory |
| rmdir directory | Remove the empty directory |
| rm -r files | (Recursive remove) Remove files, directories and subdirectories. Be careful using this command if you log in as root, because root can easily delete all the files on the system with the above command, no command to undelete in Linux |
| more | To view the contents of a file, with the addition of more commands, the contents of that file a long form. |
| less filename | Viewing a file screen by screen, and press the "q" if you want to get out, |
| pico filename | Edit a text file.. |
| pico -w filename | Edit a text file, to disable the word wrap function, very useful for editing files like / etc / fstab. |
| lynx file.html | See html file or browse to the net with a text mode, where the picture / image can not be displayed, but the lynx is a browser that is very fast, very useful if you only want one article with no image. |
| tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz | Untar a tar file at a time to uncompress the file (*. Tar.gz or *. Tgz), to put the desired directory add the option-C directory, eg tar-zxvf filename.tar.gz-C / opt (putting file in the directory / opt |
| tar -xvf filename.tar | Untar a tar file is not compressed (*. Tar). |
| gunzip filename.gz | Uncompress a zip file (*. Gz "or *. Z). Use gzip (also zip or compress) if you want to compress files. |
| bunzip2 filename.bz2 | Uncompress a file with format (*. Bz2) with the utility "bzip2", used on a large file. |
| unzip filename.zip | Uncompress a file with format (*. Zip) with the utility "unzip" compatible with PKZIP for DOS. |
| find / -name "filename" | Search for "filename" on your computer starting with the directory /. The filename may contain wildcards (*,?). |
| locate filename | Finding files with the string "filename". It's easy and fast from the command above. |
| pine | E-mail reader is very easy to use, and a favorite of many users of Unix machines. Or you can use a highly customized email, the mutt, |
| talk username1 | Speaking with the keyboard with another user is logged on our machine (or use the talk username1 @ machinename </ t> to talk to other computers). To receive an invitation conversation, type <tt> username2 talk. If someone tries to talk to you and it disrupts, you can use the command mesg n to reject the message. And use who or rwho command to see who is disturbing the user. |
| mc | Running "Midnight Commander" as a file manager, fast and good. |
| telnet server | To connect our computer to other computers using TELNET protocols. Use the machine name or IP number machine, and you'll get a login prompt from the machine name, enter the password, oh yes .. you also must have an account on the remote machine. Telnet will connect you with other computers and allow you to operate the machine. Telnet is not secure, everything you type into the "open text", even your password! Use ssh instead of telnet to access the machine remotely. |
| rlogin server | (Remote login) Connect the other kekomputer. The login name and password, but if your account has been used, then you will get an error message in your password. It is not safe either, use ssh instead. |
| rsh server | (Remote shell) Yet another way to connect to a remote machine. The login name / password on the remote machine is being used they will be, then your password will not apply. Ditto with rlogin, substitute with ssh. |
| ftp server | Ftp to other machines, this is very useful for copying files to / from remote machines. Nor is it safe, use scp instead of ssh family. |
| minicom | Minicom program (it can be said like "Procomm / Hyperterminal for Linux"). |
| ./program_name | Running the program in the current directory, which is not present in your PATH |
| xinit | Running X-windows server (without a windows manager). |
| startx | Running X-windows server and load the default window manager. Just as the "win" under DOS with Win3.1 |
| startx -- :1 | X-windows session running next to the display 1 (default use display 0). You can run a lot of GUI terminals simultaneously, to move between GUI using <Ctrl> <ALT> <F7>, <Ctrl> <ALT> <F8>, etc, but this will take more memory. |
| xterm | (In X terminal), run X-windows terminal. To exit type exit |
| xboing | In X terminal). Very funny ...., such as games, old games ..... |
| gimp | (In X terminal) Program is a very nice image editor, can be equated with Adobe Photoshop, the difference is this program free of charge. |
| netscape | (In X terminal) running Netscape, the version at the time of this writing has reached version 4.7(As root) Shut down the system. Commonly used for remote shutdown. Use <Ctrl> <ALT> to shutdown at the console (which can be executed by the user). |
| netscape -display host:0.0 | (In X terminal) running netscape on the current machine and displays output on a machine named host display 0 screen 0. You must provide access to the machine switches to display it on the host machine with the command xhost |
| shutdown -h now | (As root) Shut down the system. Commonly used for remote shutdown. Use <Ctrl> <ALT> to shutdown at the console (which can be executed by the user). |
| halt | reboot (as root) Halt or reboot the machine. More simple than the one above. |
| man topic | Displays a list of the system manual pages (help) in accordance with the topic. Try man man. press q to exit the viewer. The command info topic dilhat Manual pages can be read by any_command - help. |
| apropos topic | Displays the help manual on the topic .. |
| pwd | Viewing the current working director |
| hostname | Displays the name of the local host (the machine where you're working). Use netconf command (as root) to change the hostname of the machine, or edit the file / etc / hosts |
| whoami | Print your login name |
| id username | Print user id (uid) or group id (gid) |
| date | Print or change the date and time on the computer, for example to change the date and time to 2000-12-31 23:57 by command; date 123 123 572 000 |
| time | Looking at the amount of time for completion of a process handled + other info. Do not be confused with the date command |
| who | See the user who is logged on our computer. |
| rwho -a | View all users logged on your network. Rwho service must be activated commands, run setup as root to enable it. |
| finger username | Viewing user information, try running; finger root |
| last | See the previous user has logged on the computer. |
| uptime | Seeing the amount of time the use of computers by one, starting the last reboot. |
| ps | (= Print status) Looking at the processes run by user |
| ps axu | See the entire process is run, even without the control terminal, also displayed the name of the user for each process. |
| top | Looking at the running processes, with the order of cpu usage. |
| uname -a | Information system kernel |
| free | Information memory (in kilobytes) |
| df -h | ((= Disk free) Viewing the disk usage information on the entire system (in human-readable form) |
| du / -bh | (= Disk usage) View detailed disk usage for each directory, starting from the root (in human form Legible). |
| cat /proc/cpuinfo | Cpu info. Viewing files in / proc directory is not a real file (not real files). |
| cat /proc/interrupts | Looking at interrupt address is used. |
| cat /proc/version | Versions of Linux and other information. |
| cat /proc/filesystems | Looking at the filesystem used. |
| cat /etc/printcap | View a printer that has been set up |
| lsmod | (As root) Looking at the kernel modules that have been loaded. |
| set | See the environment of the active user |
| echo $PATH | View the contents of the PATH variable. This command can be used to display variables other environment well. Use set to see the full environment. |
| dmesg | Print messages during the boot process. (Displays the file: / var / log / dmesg). |
| clear | Cleaning the screen. |
| adduser | Add users. |
Source : www.ilmukomputer.com
